Concerning an origin eukariotov most researchers adhere to the hypothesis of simbiogeneza. Idea that vegetable and animal cages show by itself a "simbioticheskiy complex" was first outspoken К.С. Merezhkovskim (1909) and then А.С is grounded. Famintsynym (the same, which before, in 1867 g, proved simbioticheskuyu nature of diet easy); L consider in its modern kind the author of conception. Margulis. Conception consists of that organelly the presence of which distinguishes an eukariotnuyu cage from prokariotnoy is mitokhondrii, khloroplasty and plaits with a bazal'nym body and микротрубочками - are the result of evolution of once independent prokariotnykh cages, which were taken a cage-owner (also prokariotnoy) and not "eaten", but converted by it in simbiontov. It is assumed that the role of cage-owner executed large optionally-anaerobic bakteriya-geterotrof. Swallowing once shallow aerobic bakteriy-geterotrofov, it began to use them as the "power stations", pererabatyvaya with their help the organiku on more perfect technology (breathing in place of fermentation), that allowed it to get from every molecule of glucose 38 molecules of ATF in place of two. An union was advantageous and for diet easy, gettings much more perfect source of "fuel" in exchange: organiku, obtained a large predatory owner. Further to the surface of owner other group of simbiontov registered are zhgutikopodobnye bacteria (Margulis supposes that it was nothing as though modern spirokhet) which increased mobility of owner sharply - in an exchange on possibility to be "connected to the single grid". Eating up after suitable shallow diet management manual owner waist - tsianobakteriy, an owner got possibility to get organiku not by an active search it in an external environment, but simply, so to say, sitting a bit on a sun. This transition in some degree is analogical a taking a place in human history transition from hunt and collector to the cattle breeding and agriculture. This hypothesis looks fabulously enough, odesnako has serious grounds.
diet management manual owner waist.
The point is that analogical processes take a place and in the modern world. For example, an infusorian-fancy shoe can contain as a "home animal" a green water-plant khlorellu. An infusorian does not touch "home" khlorellu, but immediately overcooks any "wild" cage of that kind. Khlorella forms the strictly fixed number of cages into an owner, and through a few generations loses a capacity for independent existence.
From other side, likeness of mitokhondriy and diet management manual owner waist with bacteria far is beyond clean external (and those, et al are oval bodies, surrounded a double membrane, on the folds of internal layer of which pigments are noncommunicative with diet management manual owner waist or fotosinteticheskimi functions). The point is that these organelly have own DNK, thus not linear (as chromosomal DNK of eukariotnoy cage), but kol'tseobraznuyu - the same, as for the real bacteria. In the moment of cellular division of mitokhondrii and khloroplasty is not created a cage anew, but propagate oneself, as the real one-celled organisms. The degree of their independence is such thus, that they are fully able to exist and propagate oneself and in stranger cages: for example, khloroplasty easily propagate oneself in a chicken egg.
Comparing from these a diet easy cage to the mate, it is possible to conclude that here we deal with the second (and so successful) attempt of prokariot to create the high-integrated colony, for this time not between different cages, but into one of them. Alike, that, being not in a position to produce istinuyu mnogokletochnost', prokarioty reaped everything, that it is possible, from symbiosis: is it one time impossible naladit' due differentsirovku of own cages, why not to use the cage of different organisms as a build material? Thus not eliminated, that at least "designer developments" on both "projects" are a mate and eukariotnost' - first prokarioty began simultaneously. Such supposition can well explain a that paradoxical result to which send the last years К.Везе and row of other researchers: confronting the nukleotidnye sequences of different groups of organisms the method of molecular clock, [13] they concluded that eukarioty must were arise up so a long ago, as well as the usearioty.
Probably, different variants of eukariotnosti - I.e. vnutrikletochnykh colonies - arose up repeatedly (for example, there are grounds to suppose, red water-plants, sharply different from all of other plants on the great number of key signs, are the result of such "independent diet management manual owner waist" tsianobakteriy), however much all of these variants, apparently, did not have in of that time terms due advantage before the prokariotnym type of organization and "kept indoors in series". In fact eukariotam it is necessary to pay a very dear price for the complication: they lost inherent prokariotam "immortality" (specific invariability during the milliards of years) and "invulnerability" (ability to live in boiling water or in a nuclear reactor, to feed on any poisons or clean hydrogen, and etc); what sense after it to execute in a biosphere those functions for which sufficiently and prokariot? If a computer needs you only for the seal of texts and game in "Tetris", you, it is necessary to think, will not begin to buy Pentium with all of "diet easy", but limited what diet easy.
A situation, however, radically changed exactly about two milliards of years back, when one appearance of possible variants of eukariotnosti is "aerobic diet easy" - coincided with other event: the concentration of oxygen attained in the atmosphere of Earth, as a result of activity of tsianobakteriy, point of Pastera, and in these terms an eukariotnaya "model" appeared, finally, "competitive". Exactly eukarioty-aeroby in course of time will drive back prokariotnye associations in "diet easy" (too much salt reservoirs, hot istochnikii etc), or will convert them into efemerov (dark blue-green water-plants, swiftly propagating oneself in a puddle - and here vanishing together with it).
It looks, if to consider, by howling historical shame. Here we in the first - but far not in the last - one time run into a situation, when the certain group of living organisms gradually changes outward Things "under itself" - and the garden-stuffs of these changes in the total are used by other, thus with a sorrowful enough for the "initiators of reforms" result. Alas! Brilliantly formulated Strugatskimi principle: The "future is created by you, but not for you" shows up in the evolution of biosphere as one of
diet management manual owner waist.
The point is that analogical processes take a place and in the modern world. For example, an infusorian-fancy shoe can contain as a "home animal" a green water-plant khlorellu. An infusorian does not touch "home" khlorellu, but immediately overcooks any "wild" cage of that kind. Khlorella forms the strictly fixed number of cages into an owner, and through a few generations loses a capacity for independent existence.
From other side, likeness of mitokhondriy and diet management manual owner waist with bacteria far is beyond clean external (and those, et al are oval bodies, surrounded a double membrane, on the folds of internal layer of which pigments are noncommunicative with diet management manual owner waist or fotosinteticheskimi functions). The point is that these organelly have own DNK, thus not linear (as chromosomal DNK of eukariotnoy cage), but kol'tseobraznuyu - the same, as for the real bacteria. In the moment of cellular division of mitokhondrii and khloroplasty is not created a cage anew, but propagate oneself, as the real one-celled organisms. The degree of their independence is such thus, that they are fully able to exist and propagate oneself and in stranger cages: for example, khloroplasty easily propagate oneself in a chicken egg.
Comparing from these a diet easy cage to the mate, it is possible to conclude that here we deal with the second (and so successful) attempt of prokariot to create the high-integrated colony, for this time not between different cages, but into one of them. Alike, that, being not in a position to produce istinuyu mnogokletochnost', prokarioty reaped everything, that it is possible, from symbiosis: is it one time impossible naladit' due differentsirovku of own cages, why not to use the cage of different organisms as a build material? Thus not eliminated, that at least "designer developments" on both "projects" are a mate and eukariotnost' - first prokarioty began simultaneously. Such supposition can well explain a that paradoxical result to which send the last years К.Везе and row of other researchers: confronting the nukleotidnye sequences of different groups of organisms the method of molecular clock, [13] they concluded that eukarioty must were arise up so a long ago, as well as the usearioty.
Probably, different variants of eukariotnosti - I.e. vnutrikletochnykh colonies - arose up repeatedly (for example, there are grounds to suppose, red water-plants, sharply different from all of other plants on the great number of key signs, are the result of such "independent diet management manual owner waist" tsianobakteriy), however much all of these variants, apparently, did not have in of that time terms due advantage before the prokariotnym type of organization and "kept indoors in series". In fact eukariotam it is necessary to pay a very dear price for the complication: they lost inherent prokariotam "immortality" (specific invariability during the milliards of years) and "invulnerability" (ability to live in boiling water or in a nuclear reactor, to feed on any poisons or clean hydrogen, and etc); what sense after it to execute in a biosphere those functions for which sufficiently and prokariot? If a computer needs you only for the seal of texts and game in "Tetris", you, it is necessary to think, will not begin to buy Pentium with all of "diet easy", but limited what diet easy.
A situation, however, radically changed exactly about two milliards of years back, when one appearance of possible variants of eukariotnosti is "aerobic diet easy" - coincided with other event: the concentration of oxygen attained in the atmosphere of Earth, as a result of activity of tsianobakteriy, point of Pastera, and in these terms an eukariotnaya "model" appeared, finally, "competitive". Exactly eukarioty-aeroby in course of time will drive back prokariotnye associations in "diet easy" (too much salt reservoirs, hot istochnikii etc), or will convert them into efemerov (dark blue-green water-plants, swiftly propagating oneself in a puddle - and here vanishing together with it).
It looks, if to consider, by howling historical shame. Here we in the first - but far not in the last - one time run into a situation, when the certain group of living organisms gradually changes outward Things "under itself" - and the garden-stuffs of these changes in the total are used by other, thus with a sorrowful enough for the "initiators of reforms" result. Alas! Brilliantly formulated Strugatskimi principle: The "future is created by you, but not for you" shows up in the evolution of biosphere as one of